These guidelines were prepared on the basis of technical advice provided to WHO prior to and during a consultation of experts convened in Geneva in September 1992. The consultation included representatives of international and nongovernmental organizations and government departments with a wide range of experience and background in the health, management, and human rights aspects of HIV/AIDS in prisons. The guidelines provide standards - from a public health perspective - which prison authorities should strive to achieve in their efforts to prevent HIV transmission in prisons and to provide care to those affected by HIV/AIDS. It is expected that the guidelines will be adapted by prison authorities to meet their local needs.